Golden rules — the 3 Where(s) and What of Navigation :
- WHERE you are
- WHERE you are going
- WHERE you’ve been
- WHAT you can do now
Different levels of structure, according to domain:
- app: widgets; screens; application; environment
- web: HTML; page layout; site; browser+www
- device: controls; physical layout; modes; real world
Static Structure Diagrams
- Screen Hierarchy

- Shows structure/relationship
- System-oriented
- Remember : deep is difficult
- Navigation Network

- Shows different paths through system
- Including branches
- More task-oriented
- Dialogue is the pattern of interaction between users and system: -may be schematic (fill in blanks, e.g. names in wedding vows), – but course may change according to responses
- In UIs, Dialogue Design: – refers to structure of interaction, -often low-level (cf cognitive models), -not only conversing, also for instructing, manipulating, etc
- Recall levels: -lexical: key or button presses/releases, icon shapes, -syntactic: order of inputs/outputs, -semantic: actual effect on application/data
Dialogue Modes
- Menu selection
Menu selection–user given a number of options listedon a menu, selects one and the system carries out theoption selected or updates its database accordingly, thendisplays another menu; e.g., macOS and applications.
- Instruction sets
Instruction sets–dialogue structured around instructionsets which provide the user with a command language(using structured English, mnemonics or free-formatsyntax; e.g., Unix
- Question-Answer dialogue
Question-Answer dialogue– system-driven (asopposed to user-driven) Q-A easier.
- Graphics-based dialogue structure Graphics-based dialogue structure–monitor+mousecapabilities; uses menus but also many other feature
Trend in Web Navigation (Examples)
- Horizontal Navigation, horizontal type is a classic design that combines usability and functionality

2. Vertical Navigation, Vertical navigation is an obvious alternative to a horizontal one, where the menu is situated at the left side of the page. Basically, vertical and horizontal designs are interchangeable and sometimes complementary. The choice between them is based on personal preferences and intention of content

3. Slide Out Menu, Slide-out menu is one way to save both full navigation capacity and screen real estate. The menu bar (or side drawer) is hidden beyond the left edge of the screen and revealed only upon the user’s action.

4.Landing page is a task-optimized single-page website with long or infinite scrolling.

5.Fixed Navigation Fixed or sticky navigation is a type of the menu bar that doesn’t disappear when you’re scrolling down: it is attached to a certain part of the page and provides access to the menu at all time.

6.Mega Menu, Mega Menu is a large menu panel that pops-up when tapping or pointing a mouse cursor over the necessary menu section

References :
- http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/da/teach/HCI/dialogue.pdf
- https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/designing-web-navigation/9780596528102/ch04.html
- https://umbrellait.com/website-navigation-design/
- https://usabilitygeek.com/10-guidelines-for-navigation-usability/
- https://www.justinmind.com/blog/navigation-design-almost-everything-you-need-to-know/
- http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~jm/340S/Slides2/HCIDes.pdf




















































